Pollock’s Blue Revealed: Manganese Pigment Confirmed

• Researchers identify manganese blue as the source of a vibrant hue in Pollock’s “Number 1A, 1948,” solving a long-standing color mystery.

Scientific Tools Uncover a Hidden Ingredient

A team of researchers has confirmed the use of manganese blue in Jackson Pollock’s painting “Number 1A, 1948,” resolving a decades-old question about the origin of its turquoise tones. The artwork, known for its dynamic drips and splatters, features a rich blue that had previously eluded chemical identification. Using laser-based spectroscopy, scientists analyzed microscopic samples from the canvas to detect molecular vibrations unique to the pigment. Their findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, mark the first verified use of manganese blue in Pollock’s work.

Pollock’s painting, nearly nine feet wide, is currently exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Earlier studies had successfully identified other colors in the composition, such as reds and yellows, but the blue remained uncertain. The pigment, once popular among artists and even used in pool cement, was phased out in the 1990s due to environmental concerns. Its presence in this piece adds a new layer to the understanding of Pollock’s materials and technique.

Chemistry Meets Conservation

Beyond identifying the pigment, researchers examined its chemical structure to understand how it produces such a vivid shade. This type of analysis helps conservators preserve artworks and detect forgeries by revealing the molecular makeup of historical materials. Pollock’s method of pouring paint directly onto the canvas allows for more precise sampling, as the layers are less blended than in traditional brushwork. The study’s approach mirrors the artist’s own experimental style, combining spontaneity with deliberate execution.

Edward Solomon of Stanford University, a co-author of the study, noted the value of tracing color origins at the molecular level. Rutgers University’s Gene Hall, who was not involved in the research, expressed confidence in the identification, citing previous speculation about manganese blue’s role. The pigment’s distinct chemical fingerprint provided the necessary evidence to confirm its use. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of mid-century American art and its material foundations.

Artistic Intent and Scientific Parallels

Pollock’s work often appears chaotic, but he viewed his process as structured and intentional. Abed Haddad, assistant conservation scientist at MoMA and co-author of the study, drew parallels between the artist’s technique and the team’s investigative methods. Both involve layering, repetition, and a balance between control and unpredictability. The discovery of manganese blue not only clarifies a technical detail but also reinforces the thoughtful nature of Pollock’s practice.

The Real Black certification for Samsung’s OLED TVs, mentioned in a separate context, also relies on precise measurement of color and light—highlighting how scientific tools are increasingly used to evaluate visual experiences. In both cases, understanding the chemistry behind color enhances appreciation of the final product. As researchers continue to explore the materials behind iconic artworks, more connections between art and science are likely to emerge. These findings deepen the narrative of Pollock’s legacy and offer new perspectives on his creative choices.